Type 2 Diabetes : Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complication

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Diabetes is a disease characterized by long-term blood sugar levels were very high.

Cells in the human body need energy from sugar (glucose) to function properly. Which normally controls blood sugar is insulin. If the body lacks insulin or develop resistance to insulin in the body's cells, the levels of sugars (glucose) blood will increase dramatically. This is what triggers and causes of diabetes (diabetes mellitus).

What are the types of Diabetes?

Diabetes has two major types, namely diabetes type 1 and type 2. Type diabetes is most common is type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is due to decreased production of insulin in the body so that its function was not optimal or body starts to become less sensitive to insulin. This reaction is known as insulin resistance.

This type usually affects people over the age of 40 years. Pengidapnya age but lately getting any younger. Type 2 diabetes is also more often experienced by Asian ethnicity than other ethnic groups.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

Common symptoms of diabetes are similar to Type 1 and Type 2 are:

Frequent urination, especially at night.
Frequent thirst and constant tiredness.
Decreased muscle mass.
Weight loss.

Other symptoms of diabetes are:

The itching and yeast infections in the vagina or penis.
Blurred vision due to dry eye lens.
Infection of the skin.

The severity of symptoms experienced every patient is different. Moreover, not all people experience the symptoms above.

The early symptoms of type 2 diabetes tend to be mild. Therefore, many sufferers are often unaware that they are contracting the disease for many years.

Diagnosis and treatment of early diabetes can reduce the risk of complications. Consult your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms of diabetes.

Blood sugar Levels Too High (hyperglycemia)

Type 2 diabetes is caused by lack of insulin production from the pancreas or the cells of the body less sensitive to insulin. As a result, blood sugar levels can increase dramatically.

Blood sugar levels that are too high (hyperglycemia) can occur for several reasons such as eating too much, the decline in health, or lack of the administered dose. The main symptom of hyperglycemia include:

dry mouth
Feeling very thirsty
Sleepy
blurred vision
Frequent urination
Dizzy

Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes

Early diagnosis is very important as a step that diabetes can be addressed immediately. If you experience symptoms of diabetes, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Sampling Urine and Blood Samples

You will be asked to describe your symptoms and advised to undergo regular blood and urine tests. Your urine sample will be tested to check the sugar content. Normal urine contains no sugar (diabetes), but these substances can accumulate and flow to the kidneys and urine if you are suffering from diabetes.

If there is sugar in urine, you will be advised to undergo a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test To Evaluate Insulin Activity in the Body

Your blood samples are taken twice, namely glucose fasting and two hours after a meal. Blood samples for fasting glucose test will be done in the morning after you eat and drink fasting for 8-12 hours. You are also advised not to take certain drugs that can affect test results.

Then you will be given a sugar solution with pre-determined levels. Exactly two hours later, a blood sample is taken you will come back for a glucose test to evaluate the activity of insulin in the body.

Results Test Your Blood Sugar Levels

Your sugar levels will be known from the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (fasting glucose test and the glucose test two hours after drinking the sugar solution). The figure will determine whether you suffer from impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.

Milligrams / deciliter or commonly abbreviated as mg / dL is the unit for blood sugar levels that are used in general in Indonesia. The dose of normal blood sugar are:

80-100 mg / dL before meals.
80-144 mg / dl after meals (checked exactly two hours after eating),

Dose blood sugar in people with impaired glucose tolerance are:

108-126 mg / dL before meals.
142-198 mg / dL after meals (checked exactly two hours after eating).

Changes in lifestyle would be advisable if the test results indicate you are suffering from impaired glucose tolerance. The doctor also might give drugs to lower your blood sugar levels.

The dose of blood sugar for people with diabetes are:

More than 126 mg / dL before meals.
More than 198 mg / dL after meals (checked exactly two hours after eating).

If the test results indicate you have diabetes, your doctor may give you medicines to reduce and balance your blood sugar levels.

Complications of Type 2 Diabetes

High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, nerves, and organs. Ultimately diabetes can lead to complications if not treated properly. Increased blood sugar levels are not significant and although not trigger any symptoms can result in a long-term basis.

Complications Cause Heart Disease and Stroke

Diabetics have five times higher risk of developing heart disease or stroke. Balance blood sugar levels that are left unguarded in a long time can increase the possibility of atherosclerosis, the narrowing of blood vessels that usually occurs as a result of the accumulation of cholesterol. This complication has risks as follows:

Causing a heart attack or stroke due to increased risk of blood vessel blockage in the heart or brain.

Obstructing blood flow to the heart and cause an attack of angina (wind seated). Angina attacks indicated the presence of chest pain that feels oppressive.

Damage Causing Complications Neuropathy (Nerve)

Excessive blood sugar levels can damage nerves and blood vessels smooth. This can cause a tingling or burning sensation usually starts from the tip of the fingers and toes and spread to other body parts. Also, neurological complications can make the legs numb, so it does not hurt when hurt and eventually lead to ulcers. The nerve damage that attacks the digestive system can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation.

Complications Causing Organ Damage to Leg

Damage to the nerves or blood flow inhibition on diabetic foot can increase the risk of health complications legs usually late realized. There are about 10% of people with diabetes who have a severe infection due to injuries or just a small scratch on the leg.

Patients who have suffered nerve damage should consult their feet every day and consult on perceived changes to the physician. Complications in the legs that should watch out for include:

Swelling.
Skin that feels hot to the touch.
Wounds that do not heal.
Your feet checked by a doctor regularly every year.

Complications Cause Retinal Damage

Retinopathy occurs when there are problems with blood vessels in the retina (the network of the eye that is sensitive to light) that can lead to blindness if left unchecked. The blood vessels can leak, clogged, or grow randomly and thus block the light to reach the retina.

Do a routine eye examination every year. If no serious damage, you will be referred to the ophthalmologist to be addressed immediately. Balance blood sugar levels are maintained properly can reduce your risk.

Diabetic retinopathy is detected early can be treated with laser surgery. But this treatment only aims to maintain the remaining power of vision and not a cure.

Complications Cause Kidney Damage

Kidneys have millions of fine blood vessels that filter wastes from the blood. If the fine blood vessels are blocked or leaking, your kidneys may decrease performance. These complications usually associated with high blood pressure. Choosing the right treatment is important.

Severe damage to the kidney may even lead to kidney failure. If you are experiencing renal failure, you need dialysis (a treatment process that mimics the function of the kidney) or even a kidney transplant.

Complications Cause Sexual Dysfunction

Damage to small blood vessels and nerves in the diabetic men (especially smokers) can lead to erectile dysfunction. These disorders can usually be solved with drugs.

Diabetics can also experience female sexual dysfunction, for example:

Decreased sexual satisfaction.
Lack of sex drive.
Vaginal dryness.
Pain during intercourse.
Failure to attain orgasm.

People with diabetes are women who experience vaginal fluid deficiency or pain during intercourse can use lubricants or gels.

Miscarriages and Birth Death

High blood sugar levels can be harmful to the mother and fetus. The risk of miscarriage and stillbirth increases when diabetes in pregnant women are not handled carefully. Blood sugar levels are not maintained properly during early pregnancy can also increase the risk of birth defects.

Pregnant women with diabetes are encouraged to check the condition of diabetes regularly to the obstetrician, hospital, or clinic. This will facilitate the regular consultation the doctor to monitor blood sugar levels of the mother, including controlling the insulin dose should be given, and the development of the fetus.

Tags : disease

Type 2 Diabetes : Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complication