Type 1 Diabetes : Symtomps, Diagnosis, Treatment

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All cells in the human body need glucose to function normally, and the blood sugar levels are usually controlled by the hormone insulin. If the body lacks insulin or the body's cells become resistant to insulin, blood sugar levels will increase dramatically due to accumulation. This is what happens when a person suffers from diabetes (diabetes mellitus).

Diabetes is a disease characterized by long-term blood sugar levels are above normal.

Any Type of Diabetes?

The main types of this disease are diabetes type 1 and type 2. People with type 1 diabetes is very dependent on insulin. This type is also sometimes known as diabetes 'teenager' due primarily affects patients under the age of 40 years, especially in adolescence.

Pancreas organ in the body type 1 diabetics does not produce insulin, so patients must receive insulin injections every day. Insulin is crucial because it serves to control blood sugar levels. Blood sugar levels that are too high can result in severe damage to the body organs.

In addition to injecting insulin, people with type 1 diabetes should also keep your blood sugar levels to remain balanced. For example, with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and regular blood tests.

Symptoms Common in Diabetes

Symptoms of diabetes vary. Among them:

Often feel thirsty.
Frequent fatigue.
Frequent urination, especially at night.
Reduced muscle mass (in people with Type 1 diabetes).
Weight loss (in patients with Type 1 diabetes).

The symptoms of type 1 diabetes can develop rapidly within a few weeks or even days. If patients experienced vomiting and breathing in heavy, meaning the condition of diabetes are at a dangerous stage and immediately see a doctor.

Blood Sugar Levels Too High (hyperglycemia)

Blood sugar levels that are too high (hyperglycemia) may occur due to the production of insulin in the body stopped or not enough, so there is no insulin to move glucose from the blood into the cells which in turn is processed into energy.

Hyperglycemia symptoms similar to diabetes, but it usually occurs suddenly with a high severity. Among them:

Dry mouth.
Feel very thirsty.
Sleepy.
Blurred vision.
Frequent urination.
Dizzy.

If left untreated, hyperglycemia can cause a serious condition in which the cells of the body will turn to fat and muscles as an alternative energy source. This can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis which then triggers increased levels of acid in the blood and result in people vomiting, dehydration, loss of consciousness and even death.

Blood Sugar Levels Too Low (Hypoglycemia)

In addition to high blood sugar levels, people with diabetes may also experience blood sugar levels are so low is called hypoglycemia. This condition can be caused by several factors, but mostly because of insulin in the body move glucose from the blood too much.

Most cases of hypoglycemia caused by the side effects of excessive use of insulin. This condition can also occur as a result of forgetting to eat, exercise and physical activity are too heavy, or drink alcohol on an empty stomach.

The symptoms of hypoglycemia are:

Heart palpitations.
Trembling.
Sweating.
Quick emotion.
Limp.
A tingling sensation on the lips.
Nausea.
Hungry.

Simple way to deal with foods or sugary drinks. If left untreated, hypoglycemia may adversely affect the brain and lead to:

Daze.
Blurred vision or double look.
Slurred speech.
Loss of consciousness.

To deal with the above symptoms, you need an injection of the hormone glucagon which can increase blood sugar levels as soon as possible.

The patients with type 1 diabetes who are planning to fast also expected to be always wary because it had a risk of hypoglycemia. This condition usually occurs in the afternoon before iftar and particularly in elderly diabetics.

If you experience symptoms of hypoglycemia as described above, diabetics are encouraged to break the fast immediately by drinking sugared water, such as syrup or sweet tea, then eat rice as usual.

Soon Search Assistance Medical Assistance

People with diabetes should seek immediate medical help if you experience:

Breath smells like fruit.
Nausea or vomiting.
Loss of appetite.
Stomach ache.
High fever.

Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes

Early diagnosis of diabetes is very important so that treatment can be done immediately. If you experience symptoms of diabetes, it is advisable to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Urine Test for Determining Blood Glucose and Glucose Content

A regular doctor will ask you to undergo a urine test and a blood test. Your urine sample will be tested to check the content of glucose. Normal urine contains no glucose (diabetes), but the substance will accumulate and flow to the kidneys and urine if you are suffering from diabetes. Doctors also usually will check whether there is the content of ketones (compounds that indicate diabetes type 1) in your urine.

If there is glucose in the urine, you will generally be advised to undergo a blood test to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. Your blood samples are taken twice, namely glucose fasting and two hours after a meal.

Blood samples for fasting glucose test will be done in the morning after you fast for a maximum of 12 hours. You will then be given a drink containing sugar that has been determined.

Exactly two hours later, a blood sample is taken you will come back for a glucose test to evaluate the activity of insulin in the body.

Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes can not be cured. Treatment of diabetes aims to keep blood sugar levels and control the symptoms to avoid complications that may occur.

Step Treatment with Insulin

Pancreas organ in the body type 1 diabetics do not produce insulin, so patients must receive insulin supply from outside every day. Insulin is very important because it serves to balance blood sugar levels. Levels that are too high and the small could result in severe damage to organs. Several types of insulin can be used. Among them:

Rapid-acting insulin whose effects do not last long, but reacted quickly.
Short-acting insulin whose effects can last up to eight hours.
Long-acting insulin whose effects can last up to a day.

Treatment for people with diabetes may use a combination of the types of insulin at the top.

Insulin by injection

Administration of insulin by injection is the most common. This method is chosen because if taken in tablet form, insulin will be digested in the stomach as food and could not get into the blood.

In the early stages of use, the doctor will usually help you to inject insulin. Then you will be taught how to inject insulin and store and dispose of needles safely.

There are two methods typically used to give insulin injections, namely through a needle and syringe or pen. Diabetics requires two doses per day. The doctor or nurse also teaches how to use the usually close friends or family.

Insulin pumps therapy

Another alternative is to inject insulin with an insulin pump. Tools insulin container is small. Complete small tube with a needle on the end will connect the pump to your body. The needle is usually inserted into the body through the stomach, but there also were put through the hips, thighs, buttocks, or arms.

These pumps will deliver insulin into the bloodstream at a dosage that can be set, so you do not need to make insulin injections again. But you still have to be vigilant and monitor blood sugar carefully to ensure you receive the right dose of insulin.

Insulin pumps are very practical and can be used by people with type 1 diabetes adults, adolescents and children (with adult supervision). But not everyone is fit to use it. These pumps are usually recommended for diabetics who experience frequent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Handling the Islet Transplantation

Islet transplantation may also be able to help some people with diabetes type 1. In this process, the islet cells obtained from a donor who had died and transplanted into the pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes islet cells is the type of pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Reducing Risk Through Other Treatments

People with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk of complications, such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Therefore your doctor will probably suggest the following drugs to reduce the chance:

Statins to reduce high cholesterol levels.
High blood pressure-lowering drugs.
ACE inhibitor drugs, such as enalapril, lisinopril or ramipril, if there is an indication of diabetic kidney disease. Progression of the illness is characterized by the protein albumin in the urine can be controlled if treated immediately.
Low-dose aspirin to prevent stroke.

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Type 1 Diabetes : Symtomps, Diagnosis, Treatment