Diabetes Insipidus : The cause, Symtomps and Treatment

Understanding Diabetes insipidus

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Diabetes insipidus is a relatively rare condition, with symptoms always feel thirsty and at the same time often urinate in very much. If severe, the sufferer may be diuretic as much as 20 liters a day.

Diabetes insipidus itself is different with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by long-term blood sugar levels above normal. Diabetes insipidus, on the other hand, is not associated with blood sugar levels.

The cause of diabetes insipidus

The occurrence of diabetes insipidus due to interference in antidiuretic hormone (antidiuretic hormone / ADH), which regulates the amount of fluid in the body. This hormone produced by the hypothalamus, which is specialized in brain tissue. This hormone is stored by the pituitary gland after generated by the hypothalamus.

The pituitary gland will secrete antidiuretic hormone is when the water content in the body is too small. 'Antidiuretic' mean to be contrary to 'diuresis.' 'Diuresis' own means of production of urine. The antidiuretic hormone helps retain water in the body by reducing the amount of fluid lost through the kidneys in urine.

That causes diabetes insipidus is the production of antidiuretic hormone is reduced or when the kidneys are no longer responding as usual to antidiuretic hormone. As a result, the kidneys to excrete too much fluid and could not produce a concentrated urine. People who have this condition will always feel thirsty and drink more because of trying to match the amount of fluid lost.

Diabetes insipidus itself is divided into two main types, namely:

Cranial diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus is the most common type of case. Caused the body does not have enough antidiuretic hormone from the hypothalamus. This condition can be caused by damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland. The damage that occurs can be due to infection, surgery, brain injury or brain tumor.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This type of diabetes insipidus occurs when the body has enough antidiuretic hormone to regulate the production of urine, but the kidney did not respond to it. This condition may be caused by damage to the kidney organ function or as a hereditary condition. Some drugs used to treat mental illness, such as lithium, can also cause this type of diabetes insipidus.

If you experience symptoms of diabetes insipidus, as always feel thirsty and urinate more than normal, you should immediately see a doctor. Perhaps you are suffering is not diabetes insipidus, but it would be better to find out the cause.

Adults urinate as much as 4-7 times a day, while the little ones to do it up to 10 times a day. This is because of the bladder children were smaller. The doctor will perform several tests to determine the exact cause and diagnosis of conditions experienced.

Symptoms of diabetes insipidus

The main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are always feeling thirsty and frequent urination in large quantities. You will always be haunted by the feeling of thirst despite drinking a lot of water.

The amount of urine released with diabetes insipidus each day is approximately 3-20 liters, ranging from cases of diabetes insipidus mild to the most severe cases. Urinating experienced by patients with this condition can be as much as 3-4 times per hour.

Symptoms appear above could interfere with daily activities and your sleep patterns. The result will appear fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating in performing daily activities.

Diabetes insipidus in children may be harder to identify, let alone the child is not able to communicate properly. Symptoms in children who suffer from diabetes insipidus are:

Bedwetting at bedtime.
Easily irritated or angry.
Excessive crying.
High body temperature, or hyperthermia.
Weight loss for no apparent reason.
Loss of appetite.
Feeling of fatigue and exhaustion.
Slower growth.

Be sure to see a doctor immediately if you have two main symptoms of diabetes insipidus, which is always thirst and frequent urination in large quantities.

The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus has similar symptoms to diabetes type 1 and type 2 diabetes, such as thirst and frequent urination. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and may do some tests to make sure you suffer from a condition where.

Referral to see a specialist hormone disorder may be attributed to performing these tests:

Water deprivation test. In this trial you are required not to consume fluids for a few hours to see the reaction of your body. If your condition is normal, you just will urinate less and the concentration of the most dense. But if you suffer from diabetes insipidus, you will urinate in significant amounts.
Blood tests and urine tests. Blood tests were performed to determine levels of the antidiuretic hormone in the blood. In addition to blood, urine examination will also be conducted to determine some other elements, such as glucose, calcium, and potassium. Urine from patients with diabetes insipidus will be very dilute. If glucose levels are high, then suffered is diabetes type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Antidiuretic hormone tests. This test will show your body's reaction to the antidiuretic hormone is given by injection to determine what type of diabetes insipidus suffered. This procedure is performed after water deprivation test, if the hormone is given to help you stop producing urine, meaning you suffer from cranial diabetes insipidus due to lack of antidiuretic hormone. But if you are still providing lots of urine, says that you have renal impairment or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
MRI. If the doctor suspects a hormone specialist in diseases you are suffering from cranial diabetes insipidus due to damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, MRI will be done to investigate further. The doctor will see abnormalities in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, such as whether there is a tumor.

Treatment of diabetes insipidus

Treatment depends on the type of diabetes insipidus suffered. Treatment is aimed at reducing the amount of urine produced by the body and control the symptoms.

Treatment of diabetes insipidus Cranial

If you generate as much as 3-4 liters of urine in a day (24 hours), the condition is considered as mild cranial diabetes insipidus. This condition does not require special treatment. You can relieve symptoms by increasing your water intake to avoid dehydration. The doctor will suggest at least consume 2.5 liters in one day.

If the condition you are experiencing quite severe and is caused by the small production of antidiuretic hormone, then consume a lot of water is not enough to relieve symptoms. Here are some medications that may be used to treat conditions experienced.

Desmopressin. This drug works like the antidiuretic hormone. These medicines will stop the production of urine. Desmopressin is artificial and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone functions stronger than the original hormone. These drugs can be shaped nasal spray or tablet. Possible side effects are a headache, abdominal pain, nausea, nosebleed, or a runny or stuffy nose. To know more about this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Thiazide diuretics. These drug functions make the urine becomes more concentrated by reducing the water content. Side effects that may occur as a result of this drug are dizziness when standing, indigestion, skin becomes more sensitive, and for men, suffer from erectile dysfunction.
Anti-inflammatory Medicines Non-steroidal. If this group of medications in combination with thiazide diuretics, these drugs can reduce the amount of urine excreted by the body.

Treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

If the condition that you are experiencing are caused by drugs such as lithium and tetracycline, hormonal disease specialist doctor will ask you to stop taking them and looking for a replacement drug. If not recommended by a physician, do not stop taking the medication that has been prescribed by a doctor.

If kidney disorder and could not respond to the antidiuretic hormone, causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, then you would be advised to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration. Drug desmopressin can not cope with this condition.

Reducing salt intake will also help the kidneys to retain water and lessen the volume of urine. Be sure to consult with your doctor before changing your diet. To decrease the amount of urine output from the kidneys, the combination of thiazide diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will be prescribed in severe nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

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Diabetes Insipidus : The cause, Symtomps and Treatment